Matrix for photo composing machines



18, 1938- SAMU-EL [SH-SHALOM ET AL 2,105,555

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Patented Jan. 18, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT 1' OFFICE MATRIX FOR PHOTOCOMPOSING MACHINES Samu-El Ish-Shalom and Otto I. Bloom, New

,. York, N. Y.

Application June 30, 1936, Serial No. 88,080

7 Claims. (01. 95-85) This invention relates to an improvement incirculating matrices for use in a photographic composing and reproducingdevice such as shown in our Letters Patent of the United States, No.

2,042,041, dated May 26, 1936 and issued to Friedman (now legally knownas Ish-Shalom) and Bloom. In said patented device matrices bearingphotographically reproducible typographic characters are stored in amagazine, released one at a time by a manual or automatically operatedkey board mechanism, composed in a line in an assembling elevator andtransferred for presentation before a photographic camera. v

The line of matrices is then automatically justified and directlyphotographed by reflected light onto a sensitized surface and thenreturned by means of a distributor mechanism to the magazine from whichthey had been released.

The object of this invention is to permit comgo position of text on anautomatic composing and reproducing device for the purpose of subsequentprinting in mutiple colors, with the ease and facility of single colorprinting.

As practiced today, multiple-color printingis achieved through themedium of photo-engraving or through lithography. Two or more drawings,complementary to each other are made of the text, and these areseparately photographed. A cut or a plate is made of each photograph andeach cut or plate printed in its appropriate color.

This process is costly, time-consuming and does not assure perfectregistration. Because of these difiiculties multiple-color printing islimited in application.

One object of this invention is to provide a matrix bearing on itslongitudinal operative edge a character which is photographicallyreproducible by reflected light.

A further object is to provide a photographically reproducible matrixbearing on its longitudinal operative edge two characters which aredependent upon or complementary to each other.

A further object is to provide means by which single characters,words,'or justified lines of read ing matter may be reproduced inmultiple colors from the same matrices without readjustment of themechanism of the machine or changing of magazines.

A further object is to provide a matrix carrying two characters orsymbols complementary to and dependent upon each other so that the useof both of them is required to produce a complete character in multiplecolors.

A further object is to provide matrices of the character and for thepurpose described adaptable for employment in various photographic andtypographic machines in which circulating or handset matrices areemployed.

A further object is to provide a photographically reproducible matrix ofa non-actinic color in which the surface bearing the photographicallyreproducible character is not exposed to wear and damage in passingthrough the machine.

A further object is to provide matrices of the character and for thepurpose described bearing on their operative longitudinal edge acomplete character or a character part and a shading complementary tothat character or character part to be used in composing successivejustified lines of reading matter for subsequent printing of shadedcharacters in one or in multiple colors.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, this invention consists ofsuch novel features, combination and arrangement of parts as will bemore fully described and illustrated. In the accompanying drawings theinvention has been shown merely in preferred form and by way of examplebut obviously many changes and variations may be made therein and in itsmode of application which will still be comprised within its scope. Itis therefore'to be understood that the invention is not limited to anyspecific i'orm or embodiment except so far as such limitations arespecified in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a matrixconstructed in accordance with this invention; Figs. 2 and 3 are frontviews of matrices also made according to the invention; Fig. 4 is afront view of a reproduction of a letter element as it appears inprinting; Fig. 5 is a reproduction of a complementary letter element;Fig. 6 is a view showing the two letter elements of Figs. 4 and 5 asreproduced together to form the completed letter; Fig. 7 is an exampleor specimen of a certain kind of artistic lettering; Fig. 8 is a frontview of a number of matrices of the character used to produce printingof the style shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is another specimen of a type offancy character and an outline forming artistic lettering and Fig. 10shows matrices of the character required for the production of suchlettering; Fig. 11 is another form of character and shading and Fig. 12shows the kind of matrices employed for the production of such characterand shading; Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the manner inwhich the matrices are photographed; and Fig. 14 is a perspective viewof a number of matrices placed together for being photographicallyreproduced.

Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown in perspective a matrix 20 intendedfor photographic reproduction and provided on its longitudinal operativeedge 2! with superimposed or engraved characters 22 and 22a of anon-actinic, color adapted for machines employing the most common formof circulating matrices, having font distributing teeth 23 in theirupper edge located in V-shaped recess 24 operating with ridged bars of asecond elevator and distributing box (not shown in the drawings) and aridge-and permuted V-shaped distributing bar along which the matrices 20travel. The number and arrangement of the combinations 23 differaccording to the characters on the matrices 20.

The longitudinal operative edge 2i of the matrix 20 may be provided witha horizontal recess 26 for each character or character part. Bothcomplementary characters may be in one recess or may have separaterecesses on the operative edge 2! of the matrix 20. Not only does thisnot prevent the matrix 20 in any way from performing its part in thegeneral operation of the photo-composing machine, but it also protectsthe photographically reproducible character 22 or character parts 22afrom rubbing against the magazine plates, assembler entrance or otherparts of the photo-composing machine.

It is not necessary to illustrate the modified forms of auxiliary partsor photographic cameras suitable to be used in these machines inconnection with the matrices shown in Figs. 4 to 10. It is also obviousthat it would involve unnecessary multiplexity of views and amount to nomore than an exhibition of ingenuity were we to design details and formswhich are unessential in this particular phase of the application, suchas the replacement of a casting box by a photographic camera which isbroadly described in our letters Patent No. 2,042,041. It is furtherobvious that the step by step movement of a sensitized plate or filmthrough the camera may be achieved automatically when the justifiedlines are brought to the exposure position of the camera in thecomposing machine, and that this mechanism is quickly adaptable to acomposing device regardless of the distributing features of the matricesor modification of minor parts in the machine.

In Fig. 2 of the drawings is shown an example of a matrix constructed inaccordance with the invention. The upper letter element 32 constitutes apart only of a finished letter and the lower letter element 33 is acomplementary portion thereof. When the element 32 has beenphotographically reproduced and a print made therefrom, the co-operatingor complementary element 33 is similarly reproduced and printed inproper relationship to the element 32, and the finished product results.It willbe obvious that if the elements 32 and 33 are. printed indifferent colors, or one in black and the other in color, many artisticresults can be attained: and a perfect registration oi the 'letterelements or parts with respect to one another is assured. An example ofthe manner in which the reproduction takes place is shown in Figs. 4 to6 inclusive. There 34 indicates a reproduction of a letter element,corin 'Fig. 6 and possibly in different colors, the result is thefinished letter composed of the cooperating elements 34 and 35 01' Figs.4 and 5.

In Fig. 3 is shown an upper letter element 36 and a lower complementaryelement 31 resulting, when properly printed together, in a finished andcomplete letter. Further examples will be found in the other views ofthe drawings. For example in Fig. 8 a type of lettering is shown whichis printed by the utilization in co-operative relationship of the letterelements 38 and 39 of Fig. 8 appearing on the assembled matrices 20. InFig. 9 is shown another type of printing wherein the outline of theletters is reproduced by using the letter elements or outlines 40 ofFig. 10 and filling in the letter outlines by the cross-hatched shadingobtained by the use of the letter elements 41 appearing on the samematrices as those shown at 40. In Fig. 11 is shown a type of shadedprinting having the letter outlines produced by the letter elements 42of Fig. 12 and the shading of said letters produced by the elements 43.

As will be evident from the description and drawings, ourphotographically-reproducible matrix diifers from the conventionaltype-composing machine matrix in many respects. The conventional matrixis intended for line casting; our matrix is intended for photographicreproduction. The conventional matrix bears on its operative edge twocomplete and independent characters usually roman and italic; our matrixbears characters or character parts which are not independent of but, onthe contrary, are complementary to each other. The characters of theconventional matrix may be printed exclusively either all roman or allitalics or intermixed roman and italics on one line, yet maintain theirindividuality; the two characters or character parts on ourphotographically reproducible matrix being interdependent are notintended to be printed individually and must perforce be printedtogether in order to produce the desired character. Furthermore, each ofthe characters engraved on the conventional type-casting machinematrices is intended for printing in one color; both of the characterson our matrix are intended to be used together to produce a singlecharacter in multiple colors.

Finally, our photographically reproducible matrix makes it possible togive to multiple-color printing of text matter certain advantages whichthe art has hitherto not possessed. These, among others, are theelimination oi metal plates and cuts, perfect registration of characterparts, outlines and shadings and of colors and shades and the ability toobtain type-matter of any size from but a single font of matrices.

Perfect registration of color is possible because both the maincharacter part such as indicated at 22, 34, 35, 38, 40 and 42 and itscomplementary part or shading indicated at 22a, 31, 33, 4| and 43 arereproduced from the same matrix and in the same spacing andjustification. As for example, should it be required to print the lineof any text in two colors the procedure would be to first set up thecharacters in say, the upper half of the matrices of which 22, 34, 36,33, 43 or 42 are examples, and photograph them on film. Thisis'diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 13. the lens of the camera orphotographic device being indicated at 50. A line oi matrices for photoreproduction is shown in Fig. 14. Thereafter the complementarycharacters of the second line of which 2211, 31, 39, 4| and 43 areexamples, would be set up and photographed on a second film, thaseelements of course appearing on the lower half of the same matrices.Subsequently the line set up on the first film would be printed in onecolor, following which the line set up on the second film would beprinted in another color complementary to the first printing. Inasmuchas both halves of this complete line of complete characters are obtainedfrom the same matrices the registration would of course be perfect. Howany number of typesizes may be obtained from a font of matrices of butone size has already been explained in our Patent No. 2,042,041.

The matrices, of course, are assembled in the same manner as in theconventional linotype, linograph or intertype machines and are providedwith means by which they may be shifted to and from various operativepositions. I

Foridentifying purposes the back or indicator edge of each matrix bearsa representation at of the finished letter as produced by uniting thetwo complementary elements thereof appearing on the operative face ofthe matrix (see Fig. 14).

Although the drawings 'show the characters and character parts on thephotographically reproducible matrix as letters or letter parts, it isto be understood that they could be digits, words, designs, figures orother characters or parts of characters of any language or script.

The examples given are only by way of illustration since it is evidentthat this matrix may be used in producing offset 'or gravure printing inmore than two colors and it may also be used in machines of the natureof the linotype wherein the matrices by hearing intaglio characters,slugs would be produced for the purpose of multiplecolor letter pressprinting.

What we claim is:

l. A matrix consisting of a metal plate bearing on its longitudinal edgea character and a supplemental character part, reproducible by directphotography as type-impressions for subsequent printing in multiplecolors.

2. A matrix adapted for circulation in a typographical composing machineand having on its longitudinal operative edge a character and asupplemental character part positioned one above the other, any one ofwhich may be brought firstly into operative position.

3. A matrix according to claim 2 having on its longitudinal edge acharacter and a supplemental character part, which are located one abovethe other for the purpose specified.

4. A matrix according to claim 1 having on its longitudinal operativeedge a negative character and a supplemental character part, saidcharacter and character part located one above the other and being of anon-actinio color, photographically reproducible for the purposespecified.

5. A matrix bearing on its longitudinal edge a positive character and asupplemental character part, said character and character part being ofa non-actinic color for the purpose specified.

6. A matrix provided on its operative edge with a character and asupplemental character part, said character and character part beingcomplementary to each other, said longitudinal operative edge being of anon-.actinic color for the purpose specified.

7. A matrix consisting of a metal plate bearing on its longitudinal edgea character and a supplemental shading, said character and shading beingpositioned over one another and reproducible by direct photography astype-impressions for subsequent printing in multiple colors.

SAMU-EL ISH-SHALOM. O'I'IO I. BLOOM.

